5 Minute Guide to ERP 5 ºÐ °¡À̵åÀÇ ERP¸¦


By ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Natalie Aranda ³ªÅ»¸® ¾Æ¶õ´Ù

Information technology has transformed the way we live and the way we do business. Á¤º¸ ±â¼úÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ºñÁî´Ï½º ¹æ½Ä°ú »ýȰ ¹æ½ÄÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁ³´Ù. ERP, or Enterprise Resource Planning, is one of most widely implemented business software systems in a wide variety of industries and organizations. ´Â ERP, ¶Ç´Â ¿£ÅÍ ÇÁ¶óÀÌÁî ¸®¼Ò½º °èȹ, °¡Àå ³Î¸® ±¸Çö ÇϳªÀÇ ºñÁî´Ï½º ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ »ê¾÷°ú Á¶Á÷ÀÌ´Ù. In this short article, we¡¯ll try to concisely explain the basic yet important concepts relevant to ERP. ÀÌ ÂªÀº ±â»ç¿¡¼­, ¿ì¸®´Â °£°áÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÀ» ÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù ¾ÆÁ÷ Áß¿äÇÑ °³³äÀÇ ERP¿Í °ü·ÃÀÌ ±âº».

What is ERP - ERP is the acronym of Enterprise Resource Planning. ¹«½¼ÀÇ ERP - ERP´Â Àü»çÀû ÀÚ¿ø °ü¸®ÀÇ ¾àÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ERP definition refers to both ERP software and business strategies that implement ERP systems. Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ERP ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¹× ºñÁî´Ï½º Àü·«À» ¸ðµÎ ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±¸ÇöÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. ERP implementation utilizes various ERP software applications to improve the performance of organizations for 1) resource planning, 2) management control and 3) operational control. ERP¸¦ ±¸Çö 1¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¶Á÷ÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀ» Çâ»ó½Ã۱â À§ÇØ) ¸®¼Ò½º °èȹ, 2) °ü¸® Á¦¾î ¹× 3) Àü½Ã ÀÛÀü ÅëÁ¦±Ç ´Ù¾çÇÑ ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¾ÖÇà ¸®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» Ȱ¿ëÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. ERP software consists of multiple software modules that integrates activities across functional departments - from product planning, parts purchasing, inventory control, product distribution, to order tracking. ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¸ðµâÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ ¿©·¯ ºÎ¼­¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ÅëÇÕ È°µ¿ - Á¦Ç° ±âȹ, ºÎǰ ±¸¸Å, Àç°í °ü¸®, Á¦Ç° À¯Åë, ÃßÀû ¼ø¼­·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ¾îÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Most ERP software systems include application modules to support common business activities - finance, accounting and human resources. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ºñÁî´Ï½º Ȱµ¿À» Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï - ±ÝÀ¶, ȸ°è ¹× ÀÎÀû ÀÚ¿ø °ü¸® ¾ÖÇà ¸®ÄÉÀÌ¼Ç ¸ðµâÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ERP Systems - ERP is much more than a piece of computer software. ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛ - ERP´Â ¸¹Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇÑ Á¶°¢º¸´Ù ´õÀÌ´Ù. A ERP System includes ERP Software, Business Processes, Users and Hardware that run the ERP software. ÇÑ ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î, ºñÁî´Ï½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º, »ç¿ëÀÚ ¹× Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾîÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. An ERP system is more than the sum of its parts or components. ´Â ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎǰÀ̳ª ±¸¼º ¿ä¼ÒÀÇ Çհ躸´Ù ¸¹½À´Ï´Ù. Those components interact together to achieve a common goal - streamline and improve organizations¡¯ business processes. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÇÔ²² °øµ¿ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥ - ´É·üÈ­¿Í Á¶Á÷ 'ºñÁî´Ï½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º °³¼±À» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§ÇØ »óÈ£ ÀÛ¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

History of ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is the evolution of Manufacturing Requirements Planning (MRP) II in 1980s, while MRP is the evolution of Inventory Management & Control conceived in 1960s. ¹Ý¸é MRP Àç°í °ü¸® ¹× Á¦¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ÁøÈ­¸¦ À×ÅÂÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀº 1960 ³â´ëÀÇ ERPÀÇ ¿ª»ç - Àü»çÀû ÀÚ¿ø °ü¸® (ERP) Á¦Á¶ ¿ä±¸ »çÇ× °èȹ (MRP) II¸¦ 1980 ³â´ëÀÇ ÁøÈ­ÀÌ´Ù. ERP has expanded from coordination of manufacturing processes to the integration of enterprise-wide backend processes. ERP´Â Á¦Á¶ °øÁ¤ÀÇ Á¶Á¤¿¡¼­ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ÅëÇÕ - ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ ¹é¿£µå °øÁ¤À» È®´ëÇϰíÀÖ´Ù. In terms of technology, ERP has evolved from legacy implementation to more flexible tiered client-server architecture. ±â¼úÀÇ Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ À¯»êÀÇ ERP ±¸Çö¿¡¼­º¸´Ù À¯¿¬ÇÑ °èÃþÇü Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ® - ¼­¹ö ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃ³·Î ÁøÈ­ÇϰíÀÖ´Ù.

Benefits of ERP - ERP software attempts to integrate business processes across departments onto a single enterprise-wide information system. ´Â ERPÀÇ ÀåÁ¡ - ´ÜÀÏ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î´Â Àü ºÎ¼­¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºñÁî´Ï½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇÏ´ÂÂÊÀ¸·Î - ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤º¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ½ÃµµÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The major benefits of ERP are improved coordination across functional departments and increased efficiencies of doing business. ´Â ERPÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÇýÅðú »ç¾÷À»ÇÏ´Â ±â´É ºÎ¼­ÀÇ È¿À²¼º Áõ°¡¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Á¶Á¤À» °³¼±½Ã۰íÀÖ´Ù. The implementation of ERP systems help facilitate day-to-day management as well. ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±¸ÇöÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃŰ´Â - - ÇÏ·ç ÇÏ·ç °ü¸®»Ó. ERP software systems is originally and ambitiously designed to support resource planning portion of strategic planning. ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸®¼Ò½º°¡ ¿ø·¡ ¾ß½É Â÷°Ô °èȹ Àü·«Àû °èȹÀÇ ÀϺθ¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï ¼³°èµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. In reality, resource planning has been the weakest link in ERP practice due to the complexity of strategic planning and lack of adequate integration of ERP with Decision Support Systems (DSS). Çö½Ç¿¡¼­´Â, ÀÚ¿øÀÇ ERP °èȹ ½Çõ Àü·« ±âȹ ¹× ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤ Áö¿ø ½Ã½ºÅÛ (»çȸ)´Â ERPÀÇ ÀûÀýÇÑ ÅëÇÕÀÇ ºÎÁ·ÀÇ º¹À⼺ Áõ°¡·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿©¿¡¼­ °¡Àå ¾àÇÑ °í¸®¿Ô´Ù.

ERP Failures - We couldn¡¯t conclude our brief guide to ERP without mentioning ERP failures. ERP´Â ½ÇÆÐ - ¿ì¸®´Â ERP·Î ERP´Â ½ÇÆÐ¸¦ ¾ð±ÞÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¿ì¸®ÀÇ °£´ÜÇÑ °¡À̵带 ¸¶¹«¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß½À´Ï´Ù. The failure of multi-million dollar ERP projects are reported once in a while even after 20 years of ERP implementation. ´Ù±¹Àû ±â¾÷ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ - ¸¸ ´Þ·¯ÀÇ ERP ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®¸¦ Çѹø¿¡º¸°íÇϸ鼭 20 ³â ÀÌÈÄ¿¡µµ ERP¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇß´Ù. We have identified the four components of an ERP System - 1) ERP software, 2) Business Processes that ERP software supports, 3) Users of ERP systems, and 4) Hardware and Operating Systems that run ERP applications. ¿ì¸®°¡ ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ 4 °¡Áö ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò - 1) ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î, 2) ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î°¡ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ºñÁî´Ï½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º, ½Å¿øÀ» È®ÀÎ 3) ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ, ±×¸®°í 4) Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹× ¿î¿µ üÁ¦ÀÇ ERP ¾ÖÇà ¸®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The failures in one or more of those four components could cause the failure of an ERP project. 4 °³ÀÇ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò Áß Çϳª ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó¿¡ ½ÇÆÐ ÇÑÀÇ ERP ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ®ÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼öÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Copryright @2006, 4th-Media Corporation Copryright @ 2006, 4 - ¹Ìµð¾î ÁÖ½Ä È¸»ç

Natalie Aranda writes about business and technology. ³ªÅ»¸® ¾Æ¶õ´Ù ºñÁî´Ï½º¿Í ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾¹´Ï´Ù. ERP ERP´Â is the acronym of Enterprise Resource Planning. Àü»çÀû ÀÚ¿ø ±âȹÀÇ ¾àÀÚÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ERP definition ERP¸¦ Á¤ÀÇ (what is ERP) refers to both ERP software and business strategies that implement ERP systems. (¹ºÁö´Â ERP)´Â ¸ðµÎ ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¹× ºñÁî´Ï½º Àü·«À» ±¸ÇöÇÏ´Â ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ERP software attempts to integrate business processes across departments onto a single enterprise-wide information system. ´ÜÀÏ ±â¾÷ÀÇ ERP ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ Àü ºÎ¼­¿¡ °ÉÃÄ ºñÁî´Ï½º ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ ÅëÇÕÇÏ´ÂÂÊÀ¸·Î - ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤º¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ½ÃµµÇÕ´Ï´Ù. The major ÁÖ¿ä ERP benefits ERP´Â ÇýÅà are improved coordination across functional departments and increased efficiencies of doing business. ±â´É ºÎ¼­¿Í ±â¾÷ÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϰí È¿À²¼º Çâ»ó¿¡ °ÉÃÄ Á¶Á¤µË´Ï´Ù. The implementation of ERP systems help facilitate day-to-day management as well. ERP ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ±¸ÇöÀ» ÃËÁø½ÃŰ´Â - - ÇÏ·ç ÇÏ·ç °ü¸®»Ó.

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